Lyme disease is a growing problem in Europe, Africa, Australia, Asia and in America. A team from the University of Bath and colleagues from the UK and USA has shown that Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria of Lyme disease is a growing problem all over the world This bacteria that came from Europe, developed from before the Ice Age. Researchers hope to be able to foresee how this bacterium will continue developing, and discover ways to avoid its increase. They learned the evolutionary history of the bacteria by examining sixty-four different samples taken from infected people and ticks in Europe and America. The study’s findings show that the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi has developed in Europe, originating from before the Ice Age. The species has been present in North America for a very long time. The researchers suggest that its reappearance in North America in the 1970s occurred after the geographic territory of the tick that carries the bacteria expanded (such as through forests restoration). Understanding the huge occurrence of Lymes disease is essential for a suitable perception of the infection. Only when we recognize its exact scoop severity and ability to spread, will we be ready to face Lyme disease, as we should be. Accurate understanding of the terrible nature of this disease gives us enough recognition to take it seriously and fight to heal, and gives doctors and researchers the necessary perspective to allocate the required funds and abilities to its thorough investigation. Latest study confirms the occurrence of Lymes disease on all corners of the world. North America United States – Lyme disease is the top infectious disease in terms of spread rate. Out of every 100,000 individuals, 7.9 have this disease. In the ten states where Lymes disease is most common, the average was 31.6 cases for every 100,000 persons for the year 2005.Out of 51 states, forty-nine states report of having cases of this disease. About 99% of all reported cases are confined to just five geographic areas (New England, Mid-Atlantic, East-North Central, South Atlantic, and West North-Central). Other animal species like flies, mosquitoes, fleas and lizards are also suggested to successfully transmit Lyme bacteria to human beings. Nearly every state in the United States has reported cases of Lyme disease, but the disease is concentrated in the east coastal states, the north central states, and northern California. Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Wisconsin reports for about 90% of all this disease cases. Canada – The Canadian Center for Disease Control: “the black-legged tick has a wide geographical distribution in Ontario, with a detected range extending at least as far north as the 50th parallel, and four out of five regions of Ontario affected.” British Columbia was declared an endemic region for this disease in 1994. Lyme disease is also found In Alberta to be common in rabbit ticks. According to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), Lthis disease is mostly found in parts of British Columbia, southern and eastern Ontario, southeastern Manitoba, and parts of Nova Scotia.. Central and South America – In South America tick-borne disease recognition and occurrence is rising. Caribbean, Colombia, Bolivia, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Costa Rica, and other countries have reported isolated, although increasing, incidences of the Lyme Disease. The earliest reported case of this disease in Brazil was made in 1993 in Sao Paulo. Europe England – Lyme disease in England and Wales: 2007 (as published by the health protection agency June 2008 – 797 cases identified during 2007. The Health Protection Agency warned the British community to look after themselves carefully from tick bites due to a “sharp rise in the number of the blood-sucking parasites and increased cases of this Disease in Hampshire, Dorset, and Berkshire.” Southern counties of England include well-known regional of Lyme bacteria around the New Forest, Salisbury Plain, Exmore, and the South Downs, parts of Wiltshire and Berkshire and Thetford Forest. Other endemic areas include the Lake District, the Yorkshire moors and the Scottish Highlands and Islands. The Health Protection Agency also notes that incidents of Lyme disease have increased by 90% since 2006 across the UK. New Forest, South Downs, Dorset, and Berkshire have now been named as tick hot spots. Ireland – The University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland confirmed that range of antibodies to this disease in blood donors shows the spikes of 15% Finland – The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry confirmed the prevalence of Lyme Ticks in Urban Recreational Areas of Helsinki (1998) Greece – The incidence of antibodies to Lyme disease in patients is about 1.1% Austria – The incidence of antibodies to Lymes disease in patients is about 7.7% Germany – The range of antibodies to Lymes disease in blood donors shows the ratio of 5.5% Poland – The Department of Occupational Biohazards examines 1,813 ticks from six districts of wooded areas. they discovered that a significant portion of the ticks were infected, and were surprised to discover that many ticks were infected with multiple strains of Lyme bacteria. The range of antibodies to Lyme bacteria in blood donors shows the ratio of 1.5% Estonia – The number of persons in a population who test positive for Lymes disease in European patients or at-risk populations and in blood donors or control subjects 2.7%. Croatia – 3,317 cases were reported from 1987 to 2003 in Croatia. Northwestern Croatia showed the highest incidence. The range of antibodies to Lyme disease in blood donors – 43%, Switzerland – The incidence of antibodies to Lyme disease in patients is about 26% Italy – The sero prevalence of antibodies to Lyme bacteria in patients or in at-risk subjects seems to change in Northern Italy, from 3.2% – the lowest incidence in Lombardi to the highest in Friuli 22.3%; in Central Italy, from the lowest incidence in Emilia (Parma) 0.2% to the highest in Toscana 18.3%. The range of antibodies to Lymes disease in blood donors or control subjects shows the lowest spikes in Lazio 1.5%, while the highest are in Sicilia 10.9%. Sweden – The Department of Molecular Biology at Umea University, released a study (2007) which stated: “The reported geographical distribution of Lymes Disease is constantly increasing in Sweden.” The report quotes results, which show that birds play a key role in the spread of Lymes disease due to their long distance dispersion and their position as reservoir hosts for Borrelia. Lyme disease is very common in southern Sweden, with a rather high occurrence of neurologic problems and arthritis. With the exception of the low incidence of carditis, the outline of disease found in Sweden was equivalent to that reported in the United States. The sero-prevalence of antibodies to this disease in patients is 19% Netherland – The incidence of antibodies to Lymes disease in patients is 28% France, Czech republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Belgium, Norway, Denmark and other countries have reported isolated, although increasing, incidences of the Lymes Disease. Turkey – First isolation and categorization of Lyme disease bacteria – Borrelia burgdorferi in Turkey. In order to inspect the occurrence of (Lyme disease) Borrelia species, 312 unfed ticks were collected by flagging at a woodland area in Trakya, in the European side of Turkey, in May 2002. Twelve of 299 ticks were infected with Borrelia spp. These results provide the first evidence for the existence of the Lyme borreliosis agent in Turkey. Asia Borrelia burgdorferi infested ticks are being found more frequently in Japan, as well as in Northwest China and far eastern Russia. Borrelia has been isolated in Mongolia as well. Taiwan, Korea, India Japan and other countries have reported isolated, though increasing, incidences of the this disease. Africa Researchers found various strains of Borrelia in ticks located in Tunisia and Morocco. More than 40 published studies have been released chronicling Lyme Disease in Africa. On September 24, 2007, Afriqu’ Echos Magazine, one of the larger news magazines in Africa, reported on a team of researchers who, from 1990 to 2003, studied the disease in Dielmo, a Senegalese village. They found that over 11% of village Africans have suffered from Lyme disease symptoms and bacteria at least once in their life. The French Institute of Research and Development (the IRD) estimated a rural African area of Dakar and found that this terrible disease was the main common reason for pharmacy consultations after Malaria. In Northern Africa B. Lyme disease symptoms has been recognized in Morocco, Algeria, Egypt and Tunisia. Lyme disease in sub-Saharan is presently unknown, but evidence indicates that this disease may occur in humans in this region. The large number of hosts and tick vectors would favor the establishment of Lyme infection in Africa. In East Africa, two cases of this disease have been reported in Kenya. Australia, Pacific Islands, New Zealand and other countries have reported isolated, although increasing, incidences of the Lyme disease. The problem of Lymes disease has no borders. It does not know any nationalities or races, and no political systems. As a powerful bacterial disease, Lyme disease simply spreads and if something is not done, the worldwide cases of Lymes disease will do nothing but continue to boost.
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